Identificación y evaluación de pasivos ambientales mineros por extracción de materiales de construcción en la Cantera La Quebrada en Ciudad Bolívar

Abstract

In the present investigation, the Mining Environmental Liabilities (MEL) were identified and evaluated as a result of the mining of construction materials in La Cantera La Quebrada located in the town of Ciudad Bolivar; The Capital District is currently one of those most affected by decades of continuous mining extractivism without state control, which has caused serious environmental deterioration affecting the physical-natural environment and the well-being of the inhabitants; for its analysis, the main Mining Environmental Liabilities (MEL) and their pressure in the natural and artificial environment were characterized; also emphasized the perception of the community and the effects on health and quality of life that has left this activity in the area; finally, management measures are proposed on significant environmental mining liabilities, measures that may be employed by mining actors in the PMRRA required by the environmental authority. The research was addressed in three objectives, the first objective is of a diagnostic nature where Mining Environmental Liabilities (MEL) were identified and evaluated through the impact identification matrix Conesa, 2011; in which the abiotic, biotic and socioeconomic environment was evaluated according to its level of significance and where they were prioritized for the closure and abandonment stage, in the second objective the perception of the community and the change in its quality of life was known, For its analysis, a social-environmental perception interview was conducted focused on two cadastral sectors with nuclei of 3 blocks near the area of influence of the mining site. Finally, the third objective was developed, which is the formulation stage, management measures were established according to the prioritized liabilities and the impact on the community, where an analysis of management strategies was made through a SWOT matrix and later a management plan was formulated where 3 programs were structured, one of them focused on soil, water and social resources. According to the main liabilities obtained such as: Mass removal phenomena, Impact by disposal of solid waste, debris and plant material, Stability of slopes, Variation in water characteristics (quality) and socio-economic conditions, a management plan is proposed for their management through the following management programs: Land Resource Management Program, Water Resource Management Program and, Quality of Life and Health Improvement Program; management plan formulated with a total of 10 management projects, structured by strategies involving direct and indirect actions to carry out processes of compensation and mitigation of the main liabilities described, which guarantee the recovery and remediation of the degraded environment and the social welfare of the community.