Sistema de cierre automático de válvulas en redes hidráulicas activado por detección sísmica: estudio experimental a escala

Abstract

This thesis presents the design, construction, and evaluation of an automatic valve closure system in hydraulic networks, activated by seismic detection, with the aim of improving the safety of hydraulic infrastructure in the event of seismic events. The system, which includes seismic and pressure sensors, allows for automatic valve closure to prevent damage to the water distribution network. The study is based on a scale experimental model that simulates a hydraulic network, providing real-time data on variables such as pressure and flow behavior during earthquakes. The research contributes both to the development of new technologies in the hydraulic field and to the training of engineering students, allowing them to apply the concepts learned in the classroom in an experimental setting. This project also offers an educational tool for researchers and educators, supporting the teaching of hydraulics and automation in hydraulic networks. Additionally, it was proven that the prototype responds reliably to seismic thresholds defined for Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá), closing the valve in an average time of 1.8 s with 96% reliability. It integrates seismic sensors, programmed controllers, and a solenoid valve, allowing real-time monitoring and immediate user notification. The results validate the technical and functional viability of the prototype, demonstrating its potential as an economical and scalable solution to strengthen the resilience of hydraulic networks in areas of intermediate seismic hazard.