Caracterización mecánica y acústica de 10 especies maderables provenientes de la unidad de ordenación forestal Yarí-Caguán, departamento de Caquetá

Abstract

With the purpose of characterizing mechanically and acoustically 10 timber species from the Yarí-Caguán Forest Management Unit (UOF) in the department of Caquetá, it was proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the non-destructive ultrasound method against the conventional destructive method. The ultrasound method and its efficiency in obtaining the mechanical property of modulus of elasticity (EUS) with respect to the traditional method were analyzed. During this process, some parameters of the wood were studied according to their anisotropy, in which the ultrasound velocity, modulus of elasticity, acoustic impedance, acoustic radiation coefficient, quality factor and index of the material were evaluated in the tangential, Radial and transverse. From the values ​​obtained for density and modulus of elasticity of each of the species studied, it was possible to determine the variation that existed when comparing these data with reference values ​​of later studies. At the same time, a statistical validation test was carried out that allowed to corroborate the hypothesis with which the study was formulated, showing that the difference between means is not significant with respect to the traditional method and therefore to establish that the non destructive method of ultrasound is useful To make a mechanical and acoustic characterization much more effective in terms of processes and time when working with wood. It was possible to establish a recommendation as to the usefulness of the species studied. For structural design purposes, species that report medium to high densities and with ultrasonic velocities such as Eschweilera albiflora (DC.) Miers, Virola pavonis (A.DC.) A.C.Sm., Ocotea cymbarum Kunth and Hymenolobium petraeum Duck. As for acoustic applications, the species with the highest velocity values ​​are recommended: Inga nobilis Willd, Nectandra cf membranaceae (Sw) Griseb, Clarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pav. , Croton matourensis Aubl., Endlicheria sp. And Parkia nitida Miq