Efecto del manejo silvicultural, como parte de la rehabilitación ecológica, en un bosque de la Cordillera Oriental en Colombia

Abstract

The condition of forests have been degraded due to anthropogenic activities and different natural phenomena, which is reflected in the environmental imbalance directly affecting the natural, social and economic conditions of a region. There are ecological recovery techniques such as rehabilitation, that renovates the structure and function of degraded forest lands; these processes, beyond a plantation, include management and monitoring techniques in the short and long term to achieve the success of the restoration. Therefore, the scope of this project was to evaluate the effect of silvicultural management on the attributes of biodiversity in the ecological rehabilitation process in an Andean forest, in the eastern mountain range in Colombia, located in the municipality of Soacha, Cundinamarca, through the study of the floristic structure and composition of the LA POMA ecological park included within the Montano Bajo Dry Forest (df-ML) formation. This evaluation was carried out by establishing 18 plots, six (6) in secondary vegetation and the other twelve (12) in reforested ecosystems with and without silvicultural management; for which the vegetation record was taken, the floristic characterization was developed, the aerial biomass was determined and a detailed description of the indicators was carried out through descriptive statistics and analysis of variance tests - ANOVA, in the R study program. It was found that silvicultural management clearly marked the trajectory in the ecological rehabilitation process compared to the attributes of the vegetation, since differences were found regarding the composition, diversity, volume, regeneration and biomass indices in the three treatments. In addition, the planting of the best adapted species such as Oreopanax incisus, Dodonaea viscosa, Viburnum triphyllum, Quercus humboldtii, Escallonia paniculata and Myrsine coriacea and the silvicultural techniques implemented in the process of rehabilitation of this ecosystem is recommended.