Propagación asexual de Polylepis quadrijuga (Bitter) y presencia de hongos micorrícicos asociados a la rizosfera de la especie en el SFF Guanentá Alto Río Fonce.

Abstract

With the aim of obtaining Polylepis quadrijuga seedlings by asexual propagation through the use of cuttings, in the present research work in internship mode, the rooting percentage, number of primordia and root length were evaluated, for which they were experimented with the substrates sand + black earth (1:1), sand + black earth (1:2), black earth, and black earth + husk (1:1) and the use of Hormonagro 1 commercial type auxins and another of natural origin based on of lentil extract. The research was carried out under a completely randomized block experimental design with factorial arrangement, 8 treatments and 1 control were evaluated for a total of 9 trials with 3 repetitions of 5 cuttings each and 15 cuttings per trial, monitoring in a single observation 30 days after the tests were established. The evaluation of the treatments of the rooting percentages resulted in greater efficiency when using the black earth + sand substrate in proportion (1:1). The auxins of both commercial and natural origin did not show significant differences between them Fobs 1< Fcritical 10.13. Rooting percentages of treatments T3 and T7 were obtained at 30 days of 53.33% and 60% respectively, these being higher compared to the other treatments evaluated. The fungi that form HFM mycorrhizae provide a great number of benefits for plant communities, for this reason the present investigation determined the presence of these fungi in two altitude ranges associated with relicts of the species under study, simultaneously an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the soil. In the selected altitudes plots were evaluated which did not present significant differences according to the kruskal-wallis test, likewise it was determined that the highest number of spores is found at an altitude of 3665 meters above sea level with 582 spores/100 g of soil this at its time is associated with a less acidic pH (4.04) compared to the altitude of 4000 masl in which the number of spores was 416 spores/100 g of soil and a pH of (3.71), for the variables cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, apparent density and organic matter in the present study a directly proportional relationship was found whereas the value of these variables increases, the number of spores present in the soil also increases, but this phenomenon is not associated to an increase in altitude, on the contrary, for the Guanentá Alto Río Fonce Fauna and Flora Sanctuary, the relationship between altitude and the number of spores seems to be inversely proportional.