Estado del empleo de aceites esenciales obtenidos de plantas para el control del biodeterioro de materiales documentales en bibliotecas públicas de Centro y Suramérica

Abstract

This review study presents the results obtained in the development of the use of essential oils derived from various plants in order to control the biodeterioration of documentary materials displayed in public libraries in Central and South America. For this purpose, different databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, institutional repositories such as that of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (RIUD), the Universidad Nacional de la Plata (SeDiCI) and the Google Scholar search engine were used.

Seven investigations were found in Central and South America (2 from Cuba, 1 from Argentina, 1 from Bolivia and 3 from the collaboration between Cuba and Argentina) where native and exotic plants were studied, evidencing 3 species studied in common (Piper auritum, Syzygium aromaticum L, Origanum vulgare L, Thymus vulgaris, L and Allium sativum) with Piper auritum being native (Mexico to Colombia), in these common active components are identified in plants such as Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Satureja boliviana, Piper auritum and Citrus aurantium, including linalool, thymol and carvacrol. Thymol and carvacrol, more effective as antimicrobials and antifungals than linalool, whose main activity is to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, inhibiting key metabolic pathways.

A comparison of these studies was made at an international level, finding that the most advanced country in terms of research on essential oils and their application as a natural biocide in cultural heritage is Italy, followed by other European countries (Portugal, Serbia, Malta, Poland, Greece and Romania). In both regions, basic techniques are used for the extraction of oils (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), however, advanced techniques are also used in Italy (supercritical CO2 extraction and cold pressing). It is observed that there are plants that are worked both in Central and South America as well as in European countries, these are Lavandula angustifolia, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Rosmarinus officinalis, with active compounds such as linalool, 1,8-cineole, thymol and carvacrol.