Diseño, materialización, posicionamiento y ajuste de una red geodésica de primer orden, enfocada al monitoreo del fenómeno de remoción en masa en la cantera el vínculo ubicada en el municipio de Soacha Cundinamarca
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Soacha is a municipality located south - west of the department of Cundinamarca, 1 km from the city of Bogotá. With a total extension of the Municipality of 184.45 Km2, divided into 19 km2 of urban area and 165.45 Km2 of rural area, with a total population of approximately 1.257.105 population. According to environmental control agencies, in the rural area of the municipality there are presumably more than 200 zones that dedicate their main operation to the extraction of granular material and approximately 50% of these sectors operate outside the national legislation. In this way only 7 (seven) companies occupy almost 2300 hectares of responsible extraction and in accordance with the environmental guidelines of the CAR and the Ministry of Mines. The census of the extraction sectors that operate illegally is inconclusive since it is presumed that there is extraction but there is no accuracy in the location and although the authorities present themselves, the illegal exploitation continues. Historically, some rural areas where quarries dedicated to the extraction of granular material are located have been identified with high risk, by mass removal movements, and in most cases these movements go unnoticed by the scarce or expensive monitoring mechanisms, which they manage to show the behaviors of the area. For this specific reason a geodetic network was designed, materialized, positioned and adjusted, determining base information that allows an initial periodic control to identify possible movements presented in the sector occupied by the Quarry "El Vínculo". To achieve the monitoring of the aforementioned area, it was necessary to locate a series of precision vertices, strategically distributed in the rural area where the extraction areas of the quarry are located, of which 8 (eight) vertices were located near the extraction zones as movement control points and 2 (two) vertices were materialized in stable zones to be used as reference points. In total, 10 (ten) points were materialized, of which 8 (eight) are landmarks materialized in preliminary surveying tasks (year 2016) and the remaining 2 (two) vertices were monumented for the achievement of this project in concrete markers. The positioning and tracking of vertices by means of GNSS was executed with a methodology that allowed to fulfill the objectives of the project and the technical recommendations of the IGAC regarding minimum tracking times and equipment specifications. Finally, the geodesic network was calculated and adjusted using the Topcon Tools commercial processing software that allows to establish parameters of accuracy and reliability guarantor processing in the coordinates obtained for each materialized vertex.