Evaluación de los efectos ambientales y socioeconómicos de los humedales debido al crecimiento de expansión urbana estudio parque ecológico de Techo Bogotá - Colombia

Abstract

The present work of degree, aims to evaluate the environmental, social and economic impacts and impacts on the urban expansion expansion in the district to the Wetlands, case study Ecological Park of Roof. According to the ecosystem services provided by wetlands, they are part of our natural wealth, they are fundamental to human health and well-being; Are not only flood controllers and reservoirs of biodiversity, they are also useful for recreational activities, they also possess important cultural values, which makes them really valuable to communities and economic value as a natural resource. The different services offered by the Roofing Wetland were analyzed taking into account the environmental, social and economic impacts that are currently presented by the growth of urban expansion in the Lakes District of Castile and how this phenomenon has evolved with the passage of time; Through the methodology of the Conesa matrix and the elaboration of 54 interviews, directed to the population of the area of ​​influence, experts and entities of competence. These allowed to identify from the ecological, economic and socio-cultural components; The loss of the natural area and the contamination of the wetland by the deposit of rubbish and rubbish, the entrance of waste water, besides the lack of sensitization of the community. This was followed by a multitemporal analysis, evaluating the loss of wetland area, loss of cover, loss of wetlands and drainage through the time line of the years 1972, 1998, 2009 and 2016. Finally, Most relevant impacts generated in the aforementioned methodologies for transferring benefits under the methodology of the Ministry of Environment Ministry Sub-Secretariat for the Environment. Santiago, December 16, 2016. The results obtained draw a lot of attention due to the Conesa matrix and the evaluation of the interviews generated in the diagnosis of the current conditions of the Ceiling Wetland and its surrounding areas, determining environmental, social and economic factors ; The main impacts are those of: collective ignorance of the population about the services provided by this ecosystem, tensions between the ecosystem and the population bordering the Ecological Park, loss of the water body area over the years, lack of control Generates changes in the ecosystem due to the inadequate use of street dwellers, as well as environmental impacts. Also in the multitemporal analysis include impacts such as urban expansion generates the loss of biodiversity and landfills in wetlands generate spaces of legal and illegal constructions, causing invasion of the areas of water, within these two hypotheses that turn out to be affirmative, Include the effects of: changes in land use and coverages, change in water regime and ecological flow, changes in water quality due to contamination of the environmental round, changes in the aquatic ecosystem endanger the conservation and recovery of Natural resources, changes in flora and fauna by transformation of aquatic habitats and changes in the structure of the ecosystem of the Wetland. For its part, the economic valuation obtained, through the three studies contemplated as baseline and titled as; The valuation of the Wetland of the Paraná Medio Argentina, Evaluation of urban wetlands in the Portland Metropolitan Region (United States) and Environmental economic valuation of the Bofedales of the District of Pilpichaca, Huancavelica, Peru. We projected the results of higher costs brought to net present value for the collective ignorance of the population about the services provided by the ecosystem; With USD $ 9.3639.989, 45. In second instance is the lack of identity in the ecosystem that represents the Techo wetland with USD $ 2,041,323.07 and in the third instance the expansion of legal and illegal constructions, generate loss of Biodiversity in the Ceiling Wetland with USD $ 1,110,372.16.