Herramientas y otros dispositivos mecánicos: Una alternativa para la enseñanza de la física

Abstract

The present degree thesis has been developed within a framework of structured internship in the research seedbed INVESTUD CN, which belongs to the Physics Degree program in The Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas and also was guided by the internal director and had the mutual contribution of the enrolled working groups of this research seedbed. In this thesis is presented an alternative proposal to classic mechanics teaching focused on the tools and some mechanical devices, providing the physics teacher three education modulus built from inquiry process, more precisely from Project-based learning. In the modules construction there were collected the results from exploration, selection and construction of mechanical devices used in the activities presented there. In this process different questions emerged regarding the physical phenomenon which explains its functioning and subsequently were used to structure the activities and through them answer the questions. Furthemore, these questions were used to create two research instruments that were applied online due to the sanitary emergency for COVID-19; first it was created a questionnaire applied to highschool students from a school located at the south of Bogota, secondly it was created a workshop which was developed with teachers in training from the last semesters of the university. As a result of the questionnaire answers and the outcome of the workshop, there were obtained different representations that, due to the characteristics, were gather in some explanatory models and based on the interpretation given, it was formulated a hypothesis regarding how the students suggest their explanations about the physical phenomena that were presented. Consequently, it demonstrated some interesting results regarding the model formulation both in highschool students and in teachers in training, as well as the good theoretical use of concepts and laws that apply for teachers in training. On the other hand it was also presented a difficulty when explaining the physical phenomenon and how the teaching strategy presented in the modules gives more protagonism to the student in the classroom and in their learning construction. Thereby, the internship allowed the personal and professional growth from the researcher thanks to the difficulties presented during the pandemic, the use of different methodologies and the creation and use of questionnaires to evaluate.