Páramo de Santurbán : acción colectiva por el agua
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This research work was conducted in order to analyze organizational processes around wáter in the concrete case of Santurban Moorland, both in rural and urban communities in the departments of Santander and Norte de Santander as an exercise of collective action and social resistance establishing its partial profits in relation with the containment of state policy, for which it was necessary to make a critical analysis of the discourse and a study of the framework of collective action and social movements. The development of the extractive policy of the country during the last decade focused on generating investor confidence for the mining multinationals has caused the explosión of social and environmental conflicts in Colombia, which have enabled the development of organizational processes that seek to put a brake to the interest of the multinationals and the Colombian State, as an emblematic example of the resistance of the mining advance, it´s found the Santurban Moorland, due to: First, it´s a source of supplying drinking wáter to more than two million inhabitants; second, the complexity of its territory, in their social, economic, cultural and ecological relations and third by the impulse of social regional mobilization and national scope of the same. Through the exercise of investigation it could be established that in Colombia exists a weak environmental and mining legislation that has been one of the causes of runaway conflicts,such conflicts are reflected in: First, the use of land and subsoil where the center of dispute is whether to prioritize the explotation of the subsoil by part of the State or the use given by farmers. Second, a little real participation of communities involved, and third the weak institutions that have allowed the expedition of licenses without a thorough compliance with environmental legislation, finding licenses in moorlands and other strategic ecosystems; fourth, the territory becomes a center of dispute between the State, the people of the moorland and urban people who depends on wáter ecosystem; fifth, non differentiation between ilegal, artisanal and large mining, as a sixth aspect it is found that the dispute of territorial arrangement and the autonomy of municipalities; seventh, the need to generate processes of environmental justice and finally the role of wáter as a right and common good of communities. On the other hand, it was established that there are organizational processes that correspond to a collective action focused on the struggle for wáter and land and that have politically won through the regional and national incidence, legally the delimitation of the moorland and the judgment 035 of the Constitutional Court through resource mobilization and generation of a network structure. Remain as challenges of this research to analyze the exercises of resistance in the territories and as from collective action exercises dispersión of power and government alternatives are built.