Relación de comunidades de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbúsculares con diferentes coberturas vegetales de la reserva forestal protectora bosque oriental de bogotá.

Abstract

The events that occurred in the last century with respect to the degradation of the living conditions of human beings, a product of their relationship in consumption and production with nature, have undermined ecosystems worldwide. Soils are not alien to these transformations, millions of hectares of land used for agriculture are daily degraded by different factors, having a high cost for human food. With this context, the Cerros Orientales maintain the trend of soil degradation, the history of ecological changes is related to the changes in production and consumption that occur within the landscape of Bogotá. This research, therefore, seeks to find the relationships that determine the behavior of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (HFMA) in the face of different variables belonging to a sector of the Protective Forest Reserve Bosque Oriental de Bogotá that allows identifying the differences between fungal communities. For this, a field and laboratory phase was carried out. In the field phase, soil and root samples of native plants were collected. In the laboratory phase, spore counting, determination of the physical characteristics of the soil, determination of colonization percentages, species identification and analysis of the types of diversity (Alpha, Beta and Gamma) were performed. The variable that determined the amount of spores was the change in height, but not the type of plant cover, which may be due to the limitation of nutrients with respect to the altitudinal gradient. The colonization percentages had a different behavior, where what determined the change was the type of host, rather than the height at which it was found, although the intensity of colonization was related to the height. There is a relationship between increased diversity of (HFMA) with respect to increased diversity of host plants, the diversity of fungi was not determined by height. Acaulosporaceae, Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae were the families that most dominated in the research area. Acaulosporaceae was the family with the most individuals, with two genera Acualospora and Claroideoglomus. The variable that determines the sporulation behavior of (HFMA) is the change in height that affects the solubility of the nutrients in the soil. The taxonomic groups that are more resistant to disturbances are those that will have a dominance in the landscape. Meanwhile, what determines the diversity and percentage of colonization is the type of vegetation cover, in this case the Native forest. The importance of this study lies in determining the behavior of mycorrhizae for future restoration projects of the Native forest as a way to increase the resilience of the Cerros Orientales.