Sustratos, tamaño de recipiente y ambiente de cultivo en el crecimiento inicial de cariniana pyriformis miers

Abstract

The Colombian mahogany (Cariniana pyriformis Miers - Lecythidaceae) is a tree native to Colombia with timber potential and potential in reforestation programs, agroforestry systems with cacao and restoration of natural forests. However, it is vulnerable to extinction, which is why technologies are sought that facilitate the production of seedlings efficiently and at low cost. The present study was conducted at the Research Center La Suiza - Corporación (Rionegro, Santander) and evaluated the cultivation environments: nursery with black mesh for 65% of the shade and the protected environment with antitérmica plastic cover and photoselective to the radiation UV, 50% shade. In each environment, the design of parcels divided into random blocks with four repetitions was used. The main matrix corresponds to five substrates containing different volumetric proportions of sand (Ar), ground pine bark (CP), washed coconut fiber (FC), commercial compost (TC) and soil of the region (sr), a follow : S1 = 20% Ar + 20% CT + 60% Sr; S2 = 20% CP + 20% CT + 60% Sr; S3 = 20% FC + 20% CT + 60% Sr; S4 = 25% FC + 25% CT + 50% Ar and S5 = 25% CP + 25% CT + 50%. The sub-plot corresponds to two sizes of containers (plastic bags): V1 (450 cm3, 10 cm x 16 cm) and V2 (550 cm3, 10 cm x 22 cm). After 77 days after sowing, the seedlings within the protected environment increased their values ​​in front of the nursery by 6, 14, 27, 34 and 39% for the stem diameter (DT), height (AP), quality index of Dickson (ICD), total dry mass (MST) and leaf area (AF), respectively. Likewise, the substrate S2 recorded the highest values ​​for AP and DT, being higher only with the substrate S4. There were no marked differences in substrates for the nursery. The plastic bag V1 showed greater value for the ICD. In general, satisfactory quality attributes were not achieved in the seedlings for field establishment. Since the higher costs of the substrate S2, the production of the blanket in the environment is also recommended, the substrate S1 is protected.