Diseño de Maquina Multifuncional de Reciclaje de Botellas PET, para el Aprovechamiento de Material Solido con potencial a ser Reciclado en una Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos.
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The inadequate disposal of Urban Solid Waste (RSU) generates pollution, several damages irreparable to the environment and respiratory, digestive and skin diseases for humans, such pollution problems are caused by human activity and these increase conformance happens The time for the large amount of waste that is produced daily and accumulated, resulting in final large size land for the disposal of waste without using all its power of exploitation and reuse. Due to these problems in places such as the European Union (EU) it was decided to recycle 50% of domestic and similar waste by 2020, and since 1996, Managed to recycle 23% of household waste throughout Europe and 35% in 2010, these figures were not only achieved by the EU opinion but by alternative measures taken by each of the countries, such as citizen awareness of Recycling, recycling campaigns, etc. In spite of the different efforts that have been made globally for the use of solid urban waste, the volume that is produced requires different solutions. Within the MSW, plastics are one of the main residues generated due to the High demand for its different physical and chemical properties that make it one of the main materials used in the present era, an example of which are the beverage containers made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PET bottles are categorized as a recyclable material and Is used by companies to be processed and reused. In Germany, the idea arises of creating a machine that facilitates recycling and, at the same time, a reward for doing so, such as the return of the tax charged for using or buying inputs that are in PET bottles and aluminum cans, this idea materializes when Different governments decide to charge a fee for using inputs that use these materials, the method of creating machines where the user makes PET bottle storage was a success and soon received by another 32 countries, including Norway, Denmark, Sweden , Finland, Holland, and Spain. In 2013 Germany ranked as the country with the highest percentage of recycling in Europe happened by Spain, Germany managed to obtain collection figures of up to 13 kg per person per year by countries such as Spain that achieved 7.1 kg per person. In Latin America, this type of method has not been developed and 15% of MSW recycling is obtained, which is why it is necessary to create measures in which the percentage of recycling can be increased, Mexico decided to adopt the measure of Germany In using the recycling machines as a means to increase the percentage of recycling in their country, decided to buy 30 units of such machines to implement them, in the project presented problems with the remuneration of money, so they decided to do research and adapt the machines According to the requirements of the country and design 28 new machines which will be put into circulation at the end of 2016. In Colombia the subject of waste collection is mainly focused on informal recyclers, they make a selection in source and then sell it to intermediate winemakers who in turn sell by quantity to companies that finally reuse the collected waste, to The issue of PET packaging is not very attractive collection for recyclers since its weight is low and large volume requires more effort in its collection. Currently in Bogotá, approximately 2,387,758 PET bottles are consumed and approximately 27% of them are recycled (UAESP, 2011), Bogotá presents problems with its sanitary landfill because of the high amount of waste that is received on a daily basis. Which requires initiatives that contribute to the use of solid urban waste. Given the scenario, this paper studies the possibility of implementing new methodologies for the collection of PET bottles, the study is supported in the first instance with an introduction to the theoretical framework including a legal framework, followed by a market study and a technical study and finally a Administrative and economic study of the model of a project that provides alternatives for the implementation of new methods contributing to an efficient collection of solid materials with potential to be recycled reducing environmental impact.