Estudio del proceso de identificación y levantamiento de informalidades en el marco de la actualización catastral con enfoque multipropósito en el municipio de Manta, Cundinamarca

Abstract

Land tenure informality in Colombia constitutes a structural problem that limits legal security, investment, and territorial planning. In the municipality of Manta, Cundinamarca, the recent multipurpose cadastre update revealed inconsistencies in records, a high proportion of properties without formal titles, and methodological differences that affect data quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the process of identifying and recording informalities during this update, in order to detect errors, classify types of informality, and propose recommendations to improve cadastral procedures. A mixed methodology was applied, integrating documentary review, spatial analysis through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), statistical evaluation, and surveys. The results showed that methodological differences directly affect data traceability and consistency, and that the quality of cadastral information depends not only on the capture method but also on the data model structure and available technological resources. Correlation and regression analyses revealed a low explanatory capacity of physical and spatial variables regarding informality, confirming its multidimensional nature. Furthermore, the legal component and the lack of institutional coordination were identified as significant limitations within the update process. An operational classification of informalities and a social-oriented dissemination strategy are proposed to strengthen public understanding and multipurpose cadastral management. This study provides technical and social inputs to improve land formalization and promote better territorial governance.