Análisis Fotoquímico Y Evaluación De La Actividad Antimicrobiana Y Antioxidante De La Especie Vegetal Baccharis Latifolia
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The Baccharis latifolia is a species native to the Andes, which grows in cold weather as a shrub, between uses is as infusions, baths or poultices as it has anti-inflammatory properties therefore is part of alternative medicine in some places of Latin America. This study was based on identifying other possible biological activities of the plant. Initially it became a characterization of the species in which it was determined that had less than 10% moisture, a particle size of 150 .mu.m 250 to a greater extent. Continued extraction three different methods such as maceration, percolation and Soxhlet where a greater quantity of extract was obtained by the method of percolation; from this extract it was fractionated with two stationary phases Silica gel used where and RP18 and solvents of different polarities which were hexane, acetone and a mixture of ethanol: water (75:25) where the extraction yield was more high in fractions of ethanol: water while Hexane fractions were considered to have very low yield. After fractionation proceeded to the identification of secondary metabolites which may be present in the extracts and fractions of the sample Baccharis latifolia, for this procedure using three different protocols phytochemical March preliminary order to choose was the best it will be adapted to the object of study. In total extracts metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, quinones, coumarins and saponins they were identified while for Acetone fractions of the two stationary phases used was established Tannins and possessing cardiotonic glycosides. For the antioxidant capacity colorimetric methods ABTS and DPPH by electron capture or reaction with free radicals of total extracts and fractions except extracted with hexane were carried out, it was obtained for total extracts the best antioxidant was the Soxhlet Baccharis latifolia as it had the highest value of VCEAC and lower concentration to achieve 50% inhibition of free radicals. As the higher fractions VCEAC Acetone was obtained fraction for the stationary phase Silica unlike fraction Ethanol: Water VCEAC had lower value. The antimicrobial activity was developed by the well diffusion method, total extracts and fractions were compared against different strains of bacteria; the results obtained were that the extract had inhibition Maceration Baccharis latifolia against Staphiloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei; the latter also was inhibited by extracts and Soxhlet Percolation. Acetone fraction obtained by Silica was the only presented antibacterial activity against Staphiloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei. Besides the extraction of essential oil of the aerial parts of the plant species Baccharis latifolia was performed by the method of hydrodistillation, density and refractive index it was determined as its chemical components through elucidation by gas chromatography spectrometry mass achieving identifying substances: sabinene, carene-3-δ, β-myrcene, d-limonene, germancreno-d, β-pinene, among others.