Análisis de factibilidad de emplazamiento de energía fotovoltáica y eóica en Colombia

Abstract

There are projects, research, installations carried out in Colombia and the world, which show how this type of installation is profitable, helps to mitigate climate change and generates additional income by selling surplus energy produced. This is the case of the installation made in a single-family home in Albacete where they carried out a 4.5KW installation in solar panels, saving about 6 million pesos, more exactly 6,220,902 Cop about 1380 Euros, the surplus energy is valued in the invoice each month and are sold at the commercial price of energy, this type of installation can use a battery for self-consumption at night when the panels do not produce energy and thus the cost of consumption per KWh at night would be zero since it does not it would consume energy from the street, only the energy produced during the day that is accumulated in the battery[1]. In Colombia, saving and also receiving extra money with the installation of solar panels is viable since Colombia exceeds the world average in solar radiation by 60%. As of February 25, 2022, according to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, Colombia has 10 large-scale self-generation projects and more than 2,500 solar projects with the capacity to generate 725.38 MWp [2]. The project located in the village of La Unión, on the road that connects Villavicencio with Acacías in Meta, has 20,520 solar panels that can generate 12.11 megawatts, this is equivalent to planting 6,900 trees. This project has a second phase which will add 7.22 megawatts for a total of 19.33 megawatts of installed capacity [3]. In Colombia it is important to know the wind speeds to obtain an estimate of the energy that can be generated in different regions of the country, as well as the average speed at different heights, an example of this is found in the central region of the department of Boyacá where 3 wind projects are installed, in Ricaurte, El Colibrí III wind farm and El Colibrí II wind farm where a maximum speed of 8m/s is estimated at a height of 10 meters, this allows these three facilities to generate 2% of wind power installed in the country with 290 MW.[4].