Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de sistemas eléctricos eólicos y solares en una casa autosuficiente destinada a visitantes y guarda parques ubicada en el Parque Natural Tayrona.

Abstract

The implementation of electricity generation systems based on wind and solar resources is an opportunity for the energy supply of isolated houses that have difficult access to the conventional electrical distribution system. However, the application of these technologies requires specific parameters of wind and radiation for their operation. This project develops the study of these conditions assessing needs such as: the sustainability of a home with respect to the environment, demonstrate the utility of an electric microsystem for visitors and park rangers, efficiently taking advantage of available natural resources, finally optimize and improve the development of the work of these people through adequate lighting services, communication systems, entertainment and an adequate energy supply for study, research and health teams. According to the needs of the project, the following goals and the application process in which they are developed are proposed: Firstly, reference is made to the house for park rangers located in the Neguanje area of ​​the Tayrona Natural Park in the department of Magdalena, coordinates N11 18 54.8 W74 04 54.5, as the place that requires the energy supply and on which the feasibility study is developed. The technical study evaluates the versatility of some products and devices on the market, to choose the most appropriate according to the needs and characteristics that the house presents. The electrical design is elaborated with the use of systems focused on the rational use of energy and at the same time allows to identify aspects such as demand, supply and consumption habits, providing guidelines for the development of the market study taking into account the requirements that the medium requires for its sustainability. In determining the economic viability, the financial study is carried out comparing the possible alternatives of electricity supply, renewable generation and diesel plant, according to the normativity and legal aspects of the natural park, taking into account factors involved in the generation and transport of energy such as: pollution, noise, fuel, accessibility, economic resources, devices and machinery, shelf life, operation and maintenance, substitute products, among others. The accuracy of the results obtained by studies carried out mainly in the wind and solar aspects is affected by the absence of a meteorological station at the analysis site that provides more accurate data on wind speed and solar radiation, despite the fact that data used are reliable 10 and meet the needs required by the devices; also during the execution of the project is evidenced a limitation due to the routes of access and transportation, which incurs additional economic expenses. Finally, and according to the results obtained thanks to data presented by some entities such as the UPME (Energy Planning Planning Unit) and the CIOH (Center for Oceanographic and Hydrological Research), it shows the solution to problems of energy supply in places destined to shelters in natural parks, presenting an idea of ​​use in technologies of wind and solar generation in isolated areas, reflecting an alternative for the construction of houses, health centers, communication posts, farms, etc., in Colombia. The process described above follows the methodology and concepts outlined in the guide "Planning and Evaluation of Projects" by Nassir Sapag and Reinaldo Sapag, mainly for the preparation of market, technical and financial studies. The results obtained by these studies allow to define the project as viable.