Modelo de inteligencia colectiva de los sistemas peatonales
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Pedestrians are one of the main players in traffic systems worldwide; they are also the main victims. According to the Andean Development Corporation, 51% of victims of traffic accidents in the world are pedestrians, which have significant economic, social and moral impact not only on the victim, but also on their families. These accidents also highly affect the socio-economic indicators of cities and countries which has led the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) and the Pan American Health Organization to set the reduction of traffic accidents as a priority for developing countries.
The standards for the design of pedestrian mobility schemes do not consider pedestrians as autonomous entities; rather they limit themselves to design and dimensioning issues. These standards or guides ignore pedestrian behavior. Academic focused on studying the flow of pedestrians at specific places in a city without regard to its relations with other parts or other elements of a mobility system; there is no model focused on the study of the behavior of actors in the pedestrian system and their emergent behaviors.
This research sought to integrate pedestrian behavior as part of a complex system, where members of the collective affect each other’s behavior. A model of collective intelligence is proposed. It allows studying, analyzing and explaining the behavior of pedestrian mobility systems. The model has been constructed following the methodology defined by the research group Experts and Simulation Systems (SES) for the analysis of social problems and Godet’s factor analysis (MicMac) methodology. A systems dynamics model has been developed to capture collective intelligence features. In doing so, a knowledge base of pedestrian behavior and pedestrian walkways have been collected. The proposed model has been tested using a computer model and a case study based on the city of Bogotá, Colombia.