Propuesta de indicadores ambientales para evaluar el impacto ambiental del desarrollo de actividades de exploración y explotación en yacimientos no convencionales

Abstract

The development of hydrocarbon exploitation and exploitation practices in the world brings with it various controversies in the face of the risks that they may generate in terms of environmental impacts.

However, something that is latent in today's society is the need to increase efforts to find new hydrocarbon reserves and optimize the use of existing reserves. This situation has regenerated expectations for the oil industry in the face of the opportunity to increase levels of usable reserves through the technique of hydraulic stimulation.

The purpose of this work is to review the activities associated with the exploration and exploitation of unconventional deposits and from these identify possible environmental impacts, this in order to present a proposal of indicators that allow us to assume an informed position on whether or not This practice in the country.

This work was carried out through a review of the exploration and exploitation activities of conventional hydrocarbons, contrasted with the stages of exploration and exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons; together with the analysis of interviews with several experts on the subject and some residents of a municipality where hydrocarbon exploration work is carried out in the country.

Based on the information obtained in this analysis, superimposing hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation activities in conventional deposits, with the positions of experts and settlers regarding their perceptions of the environmental impacts generated by unconventional deposits, this project proposes a series of indicators that can be used to measure the possible impacts generated by the implementation of fracking in the country.