Enfermedad de Alzheimer: desde el punto de vista neurológico y molecular

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), first described in 1906 by the German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer, is due to progressive neurodegenerative changes that affect cognitive functions, mood, behavior, orientation difficulties, language problems, loss of memory and changes in personality and behavior. In Colombia there is a prevalence of AD of 1.8% for people over 65 and 3.4% for people over 75 years. This monograph describes AD, from the historical, clinical, physiological, neurological and genetic point of view. A review was made in the main databases and EA specialized magazines; It was established that the genes associated with AD and familial AD are: The amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, located on chromosome 21, the presenilin 1 gene (PS1), located on chromosome 14, and the gene presenilin 2 (PS2), located on chromosome 1; allele 4 of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) located on chromosome 19 is an important factor of origin for the development of AD in the sporadic form and at an early age.