Diseño de metodología para la evaluación del dimensionamiento de sistemas correctores de factor de potencia en instalaciones industriales y comerciales

Abstract

Currently, organizations that carry out their economic activities based on industrial processes and commercial establishments aim to achieve the greatest possible efficiency in their different operations. This is where electrical energy stands out, since it is transversal to any work that is being carried out. In this meaning, it is essential that the electrical installations, systems, equipment, devices and machinery belonging to the user have a series of parameters and conditions that allow the work to be carried out effectively without breaking the limits established by the CREG (Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas) for the power factor. Briefly, it is indicated that the power factor is a dimensionless unit, which takes values from 0 to 1, depending on the relationship between the active energy P (kW-h) with the reactive energy Q (kVAr-h) and the distortion D. For the purposes of the limits established by the CREG, if the value of the power factor is less than 0.9, a charge is made as a penalty, which is incremental over 12 periods. In this way, the value of the electricity bill increases substantially, causing economic losses to organizations that have this problem. In addition to the problems described, there are different effects at the operational level, since a power factor less than 0.9 can cause precariousness and incorrect operation of the electrical installation. However, currently there are power factor correction systems, which are a series of resources and techniques that allow these effects to be controlled, avoiding both the malfunction of the electrical installation and the payment of fines to the electricity companies. energy. At this point it is important to clarify that good practices are essential so that the solutions can be effective and long-lasting, preventing them from becoming an endemic wrong for the installation. Based on what was described above, this work aims to generate a methodology that allows the appropriate evaluation and sizing of the power factor correction system(s) required by an industrial or commercial electrical installation. The above will be carried out based on a series of studies, which will have as a first stage, an LFM logical framework methodology, which involves in detail all the problems, the statement of objectives, and the analysis of the project. Secondly, market studies are carried out, based on a regional perspective and defining all the economic parameters that will be raised in the respective study. Finally, the methodology will be developed, to later be evaluated, and thus execute the administrative, legal and financial studies that guarantee the effectiveness in industrial and commercial electrical installations.