Apoyo en el muestreo y colecta de material para estudios de anatomía y tecnología de la madera proveniente de un núcleo de aprovechamiento forestal en el municipio de vigía del fuerte - Antioquía

Abstract

Community forestry in Colombia is one of the most important tools for the integrated management of forests, for communities and for its contribution to the conservation of forest ecosystems through sustainable forest production (FAO, 2020). This process allows adequate access to land, and links communities as active actors in decision-making for the improvement of their quality of life. In Colombia, the National Community Forestry Program has been developed for several decades, where the participation of governmental and private entities at the national and international level in different regions of the country has been very important to achieve the objectives of community forestry (FAO, 2020). In forest areas such as the biogeographic Chocó, several community forestry projects have been carried out due to the importance of its forest masses, as well as the great cultural diversity of peasant, indigenous and Afro-Colombian groups. This is how the Natural Union project promoted by the non-governmental organization (NGO) ONF Andina in the municipality of Vigía del Fuerte, was established with the purpose of improving the preservation of forest ecosystems, fighting deforestation and improving the living conditions of Afro-descendant populations based on the sustainable management of forests, demonstrating with its results that community forestry allows their communities to advance in development economic, environmental and social. This project has been carried out and established thanks to community actions, given that the area has a strong community organization among all the municipalities of the Atrato environment, this association corresponds to COCOMACIA, which has allowed the organization of the legal and organizational procedures of the project, as well as maintaining an adequate link with the communities. Likewise, within the framework of the internal community organization that has been carried out, an internal community forestry association belonging to COCOMACIA was created, which corresponds to ASOFODEMA, which allows the legalization of the harvesting processes before the corporations and in addition to the company representing the project before the harvesting and sale of wood within the Unión Natural project. allowing the communities to effectively have an economic and social gain within the development of this project. Within the framework of the actions that this Unión Natural project has been developing in the municipality of Vigía del Fuerte, the Universidad Distrital, through the Framework Agreement for Internship No. 011-23, participated with the students Johan Sebastian Solorzano and Angie Peñuela, under the internship modality in the project that is the subject of this report. This internship was developed with the purpose of supporting the technological study of the wood species used in the harvesting system of this project. The internship entitled "support in the sampling and collection of material for anatomy and technology studies of wood from a forestry harvesting center in the municipality of Vigía del Fuerte - Antioquia", contemplated participation in the development of the selection activities; taking of dasometric data and harvesting; wood processing; botanical determination of the selected species; anatomical characterization of the wood of each species and determination of the physical properties of the wood of the species under study. The results obtained through the development of the internship were the identification, characterization and taxonomic botanical classification of the species Otoba gracilipes (A.C. Sm) A. H. Gentry, Pentaclethra macroloba (Wild) Kuntze., Virola dixonii Little, Virola flexuosa (A. C. Sm), Virola reiidi Little and Eschweilera pittieri R Knuth. Field sampling was carried out with the purpose of training and inducing the community of San José de la Calle in the tasks of identification, sampling and orientation of cutting systems during forestry exploitation activities. Likewise, in the Wood Laboratory at the Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources of the District University in Bogotá, the respective physical tests of the wood of the aforementioned species were carried out, from which the results were obtained that the species O. gracilipes presented a basic density of 0.311 g / cm3 and an anhydrous density of 0.361 g / cm3 classifying it as a light wood, in addition to being the species with the lowest density in the study, the species P. macroloba presented a basic density of 0.50 g / cm3 and an anhydrous density of 0.54 g / cm3 that classifies it as a moderately heavy wood, the group of species of the genus Virola presented a basic density of 0.37 g / cm3 and anhydrous density of 0.42 g / cm3 that classifies it as moderately light wood and finally the species E. pittieri presented the highest density values, being for the basic density a value of 0.70 g / cm3 and for the anhydrous density a value of 0.82 g/cm3 which classifies it as heavy wood, this being the heaviest species according to density values.