Sistemas agroecológicos de producción como alternativa de mitigación sobre los impactos socioambientales de las Veredas La Requilina y El Uval de Usme. Estudio de caso

Abstract

Conventional agricultural production systems carry risks to environmental sustainability through their continuous contribution of polluting loads to soil and water resources from the overuse of agrochemicals. To determine the socio-environmental impacts generated by this activity and formulate agro-ecological alternatives for local producers, a case study was conducted at the El Pantano farm located in La Requilina village of Usme, Bogotá. Abiotic, biotic, and socio-economic environments were characterized by soil and water analysis in the production unit, and the main problems of the sector were identified by problem tree and solution methodologies. The results show effects on the quality of water resources due to human activity, which do not allow its use for human consumption and require treatments for its use in agricultural activities. Changes in the chemical composition of the soil are evident, presenting an imbalance in the nutrient balance possibly related to conventional fertilization processes, with higher extractions of nitrogen compared to the contributions made to the system and with excesses in phosphate and potassium fertilization that generate bioaccumulation in the soil. Integrated strategies are proposed for converting the productive unit as a possible replication model in the area, focusing on improving the quality of water resources, restoring the natural fertility of the soil and ecological management of pests and diseases without the use of external inputs.