Análisis de normatividad internacional para descargas atmosféricas con interfaz gráfica aplicada al Osciloscopio Tektronix DPO 7054C mediante pruebas tipo impulso

Abstract

At the FJDC District University, a digital phosphor oscilloscope is available, which combines the characteristics of an analog oscilloscope with those of a digital one, this, in order to improve the accuracy of its measurements by increasing the number of samples . In addition, it has a large number of functions that are worth exploiting, since it has the Windows 7 operating system, which implies that several types of applications or graphical interfaces can be developed. Given this, the programming of a graphical interface for impulse type tests was carried out; specifically four tests: full wave lightning pulse, clipped wave lightning pulse, current pulse and maneuvering pulse type; in order to be applied to equipment that can be coupled to a power system. This project was carried out in the technology cycle. In this, the programming of the graphical interface is complemented and improved to improve the quality of the measurements of the standardized parameters according to IEC 62305 (front time, peak value and tail time). In addition to this, the initial interface has several limitations in terms of signal smoothing, since the implemented filter works yes and only if the impulse is normalized, it does not have a good mathematical support and is empirically performed. One of the main features of this project is the comparison of three (3) filters designed by Matbox Toolbox with a mathematical support, which allows to perform a signal analysis to determine which is the most suitable Toolbox. For this case, the Matlab Wavelet Toolbox, which provides functions and applications to analyze and synthesize signals; It includes algorithms for the continuous analysis of Wavelets, their coherence, synchronization and adaptive time-frequency analysis of data, applications and functions for discrete and non-reduced analysis of signal Wavelets. In order to analyze the correct implementation of the Toolbox for lightning impulses, different tests and analyzes were performed. In the university's high voltage laboratory, normalized lightning impulses of current and voltage were generated with different types of measurement; for the current with measurement by means of Shunt resistor and Rogowski coil, and for the impulse of tension by means of resistive and capacitive dividers, taking into account their coupling resistances. With this, results were obtained with distortion and with it the effectiveness of the filter could be evidenced. In addition to this, the simulations of the impulses that cannot be generated in the university were carried out, such as the short-wave and maneuver type. They were simulated with real elements including the effects of parasitic elements in order to obtain distortion and reduce it. The implementation of the above has been done through the GUIDE visual programming environment available in MATLAB, which facilitates the union between the mathematical part and the graphical interface. This project is expected to be a great initiative to develop more studies related to this oscilloscope, as it is a great tool that the university has and is not being taken full advantage.