Macroinvertebrados acuáticos presentes en la quebrada el Neme Ecoreserva la Tribuna Huila - Colombia

Abstract

The study of aquatic macroinvertebrates has had great relevance according to their ecological roles in processes of transformation and degradation of organic matter of allochthonous and autochthonous origin, from the highest areas of the ravines to the lowest in large rivers. They have been attributed a fundamental role in understanding the ecological quality of aquatic ecosystems, considering them bioindicators of water quality. La Tribuna eco-reserve is located in the municipality of Neiva, among tropical dry forest, it is characterized for being a resilient area of ​​agricultural activities and oil exploitation, now it is considered a fauna and flora conservation area. The Neme ravine, where the present investigation is carried out, crosses the La Tribuna eco-reserve, its diversity is considered a reflection of the phenomena -whether natural or not- that occur in the ecosystems that make up the eco-reserve and those nearby to the body of water. For this reason, the present investigation evaluated the diversity and ecological structure of aquatic macroinvertebrates, as well as the water quality in the Neme stream. The sampling spanned an 8-month sampling period, from November 2021 to June 2022, addressing rainy and dry seasons. A total of 4307 individuals represented by 5 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 41 families, 59 genera and 8 morphotypes not determined at the genus level were collected, including Tricorythodes Traver, 1958, Farrodes Peters, 1971, and Phylloicus Müeller, 1880 were the most abundant and dominant. With each sampling event, hydrological and physicochemical variables were recorded and associated with biological results, obtaining that total suspended solids, pH and dissolved oxygen have a significant effect on the low abundance of Cloeodes Traver, 1938, Callibaetis Eaton, 1881. , and Camelobaetidius Demoulin, 1966, Mayflies that are not very tolerant of sudden changes in the habitat. On the other hand, through the water quality indices applied, it was concluded that the Neme stream has water of acceptable and doubtful quality, evidencing slight effects of contamination. A report is made for the department of Huila of the genera Macronema Pictet, 1836 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), Cabecar Baumgardner, 2006 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae), Gyretes Brullé, 1834 (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae), Suphis Aubé, 1836 (Coleoptera: Noteridae) and Terpides Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Finally, this research expanded the knowledge of the diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Huila region, and proves to be a key document for future monitoring in the stream, so it could be useful for the design of strategies on use, management and conservation. of the water and the fauna that inhabits it.