Un reencuentro con el pasado. Análisis del ADNmt en muestras óseas del sitio Arqueológico Bonaca (municipio de Soacha)

Abstract

Genetic studies in the Bogotá Savanna (SB) have debated between models of continuity (MCP) and population discontinuity (MDP) during the Holocene. This study analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from skeletal remains at the Bonaca archaeological site to evaluate these models. Four samples were processed using ancient DNA protocols, nextgeneration sequencing, and strict contamination controls. The haplotypes obtained were compared with 35 sequences reported for the Early, Middle, Early Late, and Late Late Holocene periods using haplotype diversity (Hd), nucleotide diversity (π), a haplotype network, and phylogeny analysis. The founder haplogroups A2 (BON3, BON4) and B2 (BON1, BON2) were identified. Nucleotide diversity showed a progressive decrease from the Middle Holocene to the Late Holocene, while genetic distances between periods were low. Shared haplotypes were detected between the Middle and Late Holocene, evidencing persistent lineages. These results support the population continuity model (PCM), ruling out significant replacements during the Middle Holocene in the Bogotá Savanna.