Modelo de economía circular para la valoración de residuos y subproductos del sector palmicultor de Casanare

Abstract

The Circular Economy (EC) promotes the reuse, reincorporation and valuation of waste and by-products under the framework of sustainable development through models and indicators that evaluate scenarios of reuse and reduction of non-incorporated outputs to reduce negative externalities and pressures. on the dimensions of development. The foregoing was demonstrated through the circular economy model for the recovery of waste and by-products from the palm oil sector in the department of Casanare developed in this investigation. Initially, the variables (processes) that influence the generation of waste and by-products in the transformation phase of the Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) were determined, such as sterilization, extraction, digestion or pressing, clarification, centrifugation, defibration and crushing, which generate constant outputs after processing a ton of FFB, corresponding to Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) (22.48% ± 0.8), fiber (15.58% ± 0.49), husk (6.03% ± 0.66) and ash (0.55% ± 1.67). Since these residues and by-products present certain physical and chemical conditions, it was necessary to compare their characteristics with other investigations through a systematic review, in order to establish the baseline to determine the approaches and variables for evaluating residues and by-products according to the local context. Subsequently, the main approaches to the evaluation of waste and by-products were determined through a systematic review, the result of which revealed the order of importance of implementation of the utilization approaches such as biofuels (39%), enzymatic activity (35%), source of nutrients (15%), construction (7%), and among others (4%), which are supported by physical, chemical, biological processes and/or a combination of the above, to incorporate matter and energy into processes sources or other processes of other production chains. Based on the exploitation approaches, the cost of four alternatives for the incorporation or reduction of waste and by-products was estimated, through the method of avoided costs, which revealed a value of $2,714,886,003 pesos, product of the total exploitation of outputs under bioenergy and nutrient source approaches. Finally, a circular economy model was built based on Material Flow indicators (Reincorporation of Waste and By-products by Material Flow - RRSFM) and Other life cycle based (Carbon Footprint of Reincorporation of Waste and By-products - HCRRS ). The RRSFM indicator reflected a current level of 72% and a degree of improvement of 26% by 2026, in parallel, the HCRRS indicator determined a reduction of 57.1%, 59.6% and 82.8% of emission of t CO2eq product of the comparison of scenarios for the use and reincorporation of residues and by-products of oil palm from the agro-industries of the department of Casanare.