Metodología para analizar la influencia de islas de calor sobre la calidad del aire en las localidades de Bogotá (Colombia)

Abstract

This study focuses on analyzing the influence of heat islands on air quality in four locations in Bogotá (Suba, Barrios Unidos, Chapinero and Fontibón) during the period between 2013 and 2023. To achieve this, general objectives and specific ones that range from the identification of existing methodologies and variables to the construction of a dynamic model and the incorporation of the community's environmental perception. The methodology is broken down into three phases. In the first phase, a systematic review of the global literature of the last 10 years on heat island and air quality analysis methodologies was carried out. These methodologies were categorized and classified into types and dimensions, in addition to exploring the application variables. In the second phase, climatological data from the Bogotá Air Quality Monitoring Network (RMCAB) were collected and analyzed. Next, thermal maps were created in ArcGIS software and an environmental perception survey was designed and implemented in the selected locations. The survey results showed that 71.6% of participants were unfamiliar with the concept of thermal gradient, highlighting the need to increase awareness on this topic. Those familiar offered varying interpretations, indicating a varied understanding of the term. On the other hand, 89.7% expressed knowledge of the term air quality and its dynamics with the emission of polluting gases. Finally, a dynamic model was built in Vensim software. The quantitative results revealed an average temperature variation of 2°C between the studied locations. In the third phase, model validation was carried out using the Monte Carlo test in Vensim software. Together, these findings provide a platform for future research and informed decisions in the environmental and climatological field.