Consideraciones ambientales, culturales y socioeconómicas para el uso doméstico de energía biomásica por digestión anaeróbica en alta montaña (Pasca, Cundinamarca)

Abstract

The persistent energy inequality in Colombian rurality has been promoted research with non-conventional renewable energy sources for the sustainable development. The present research work was to focus on the environmental, cultural, social and economic considerations necessary for the domestic use of biomass energy by anaerobic digestion in peasant homes located at more than 3000 meters above sea level; in addition to recognize its current reality by the predominant use of firewood as fuel. For this reason, the study area were the Quebradas village and public institutions of the municipality of Pasca, Cundinamarca from a mixed approach to use qualitative and quantitative tools. The information was analysed using triangulation, statistical analysis and the hermeneutic method. It was found that the Quebradas village presents daily firewood consumption of 164.11 kg/day, it was found in 88% of native species that inhabit high mountain within the Sumapaz Complex and per capita energy consumption per housing of 6.69 Kgce; the consumption of firewood is influenced by 37.2% by the number of people, the idiosyncmatic construction of each subject and by the economic income of the peasant population. With reference to residual biomass, 95.7% of the potential for methane comes from cow manure and 3.68% from equine manure and potato ectodermis. At the socio-cultural level, 59% of farmers distinguish the functioning and benefits of using biogas by allowing 82% of the rural community to consider incorporating fuels from anaerobic digestion; even so, only 47% are willing to pay for access to low-cost tubular biodigestors in PVC, low-density plastic bag or LLPDE polyethylene bag.