Caracterización del proceso de entrega de ayuda humanitaria en la última milla en el terremoto de Ecuador del 2016

Abstract

The objective of this work is to identify the decision criteria adopted by the actors involved in the distribution and allocation of aid to the population affected by the earthquake that shook the northwestern coast of Ecuador on April 16, 2016. The research focuses on the stage of response to the event and approaches the problem from a perspective of analysis of real events, that is, it diverges from the interest in the theoretical construction on models extrapolated from commercial logistics contexts, widely different from natural disaster scenarios and of inevitable lesser complexity. , to offer an alternative analysis by characterizing a posteriori the courses of action actually followed by the participating actors in an aggregate manner and presenting a diagnosis of the development of the logistics processes executed during the analyzed time frame. For this, an exhaustive web search was carried out in repositories of official and unofficial actors, as well as secondary and tertiary sources, and a systematic exploration of the resulting documentary collection was carried out using the documentary analysis technique known as content analysis. from which resulted, in addition to an X-ray of the logistical operations carried out and the migratory dynamics of the affected population, the graphic characterization of the humanitarian supply chain and the chronology of the milestones of the response stage to the event, and a set of variables whose subsequent statistical analysis allowed diagnosing such courses of action and decision criteria. The document is structured first by presenting the research problem and the scope of the work in specific objectives, then introduces the reader to the conceptual framework in which the research will be developed, that is, in the field of Humanitarian Logistics and post-disaster action regulations, then proposes the methodology for collecting information and coding units of analysis followed, in section 5 presents the case study in a detailed report based on the logistics operations deployed, in section 6 presents the results of the analysis at a qualitative and quantitative level , then presents a summary of the findings in the conclusions section and finally some final discussions and recommendations.