La resignificación del rol femenino a través del ecofeminismo y el Studio Ghibli

Abstract

The present research is linked to the field of feminism and Ecofeminism studies, in interaction with the films of the Japanese animation studio: Studio Ghibli. It arises from the researcher's interest in reflecting on the female role of four films, and their relationship with Ecofeminist principles, namely: “Spirited away” (Miyazaki, 2001, 2:05:00), “Howl’s moving castle” (Miyazaki, 2004, 1:59:00), “Arrietty” (Yonebashi, 2010, 1:34:00) and “The tale of the princess Kaguya” (Takahata, 2013, 2:17:00). The objective was to identify the ecofeminist postulates of interculturality, sorority and the Ethics of Care in the female characters of Studio Ghibli films and to observe their social incidence in the construction of learning and communication. Among its main theoretical references are Alicia Puleo, Carol Gilligan, Jean Shinoda, Mieke Ball, Asunción Bernárdez and Wanda Tomassi; who contributed to the approach and understanding of the Ecofeminist philosophy and at the same time of Studio Ghibli's view as an animation industry whose social and environmental foundations are seen through its cinematographic works. The theoretical framework is constituted from the qualitative approach, proposed by Ruth Sautu and the Ecofeminist proposal of Alicia Puleo. From the hermeneutic dimension worked by Hans-Georg Gadamer, we reflect on the understanding of the fictional work and its interaction with the spectator in an aesthetic relationship, which allows to unite them and modify the work, as well as the feeling of the subject. It is concluded that the four Studio Ghibli films worked on are framed in the Ecofeminist proposal, which project social and cultural changes in the spectator between the interaction of the "I" and the "Others".