Síntesis de un Nanocomposite de plata: Matriz Biopolimerica

Abstract

The improvement of materials in the industry shows great advances when incorporating the use of nanoparticles. The use of these implies the generation of relatively new concepts such as nanomaterial. Nanocomposites are nanomaterials that are made up of two parts, a matrix (polymer that seeks to improve) and a charge (nanoparticle of any nature that seeks to improve) (AZoM, 2001). Common nanocomposites synthesis methods involve the use of highly polluting polymers such as polyvinyls, polyimides, and polystyrene. This work seeks to provide an alternative for the synthesis of a nanocomposite using a biopolymer matrix (chitosan). Chitosan is obtained from shrimp exoskeletons collected from general warehouses for the supply of fishery products (widely marketed) seeking to generate an alternative not only for new nanocomposites syntheses but also for the reduction of waste from the aquaculture industries. The objective of this work seeks to synthesize a silver nanocomposite using chitosan as the polymer matrix. The methodological design comprises two stages, the first being the obtaining of the chitosan polymer from the shrimp exoskeletons taking into account the method proposed by (Escobar, 2013) and the second the synthesis of the silver nanocomposite using this biopolymer as matrix following the method proposed (Wang et al., 2015) (M1) making variations of concentration and volume of chitosan (M2). The chitosan biopolymer was obtained with a degree of deacetylation of 82.61% characterized by infrared spectrophotometry. The silver nanocomposites were synthesized resulting in a maximum absorption length of 408 and 412-414 with a nanoparticle size that is in the ranges of 30-40nm and 40-50nm and absorbance values ​​of 0.6-0.9 and 0.8 respectively, with M2 being the biopolymeric matrix silver nanocomposite that presents the best stability conditions over time.