Concepto de estructura química como constructo aportante de identidad y autonomía de la química desde principios filosóficos, históricos y didácticos

Abstract

The present work sought to justify the importance of the structure concept in the field of chemistry, through three frames of philosophical, historical and didactic reference. The purpose of these three approaches is to recognize the chemical structure as a basic construct of chemistry through which the properties of a material and the nature of autonomous chemical science are justified. As a general objective it was planned to establish the contributions and foundations from the 3 frames of reference, which defend Chemistry as an autonomous discipline not reducible to physics. The specific objectives consisted in the establishment of categories of analysis that characterize the structure as contributor of identity and autonomy, with special attention to the foundations that the chemical philosophy raises against reductionism. In order to establish the pertinence of these categories, a class experience was analyzed in relation to the conception of the teachers in training. The methodology of the work had an interpretive hermeneutic cut, expressed under the phases of the hermeneutical circle defined by Jordi Planella. As results, it was evidenced that the teaching of the structure construct must be of a dynamic cut, understood under the categories of analysis created, since the notion that the teachers in training have is static and reduced. Teachers in training present difficulties in explaining a property of a material, referring its analysis to the constituent parts of a structure (Link, functional group etc.) and not to the entire structure of a molecule, which in a material presents multiple interactions with thousands of molecules.