Evaluación y comparación de un relleno sanitario convencional frente a un relleno sanitario optimizado con el método Fukuoka a escala piloto

Abstract

This work is focused on the investigation of final disposal methods in landfills, more specifically, the conventional method and two non-conventional methods. The development involved the construction of pilot columns, which simulate the behavior of a landfill on a smaller scale and under controlled conditions. The objective of this research is to compare the physicochemical and organoleptic conditions of leachate from a conventional landfill versus one optimized with the Fukuoka method and with forced aeration on a pilot scale, to verify what can be evidenced in the literature about these methods. For this, three columns of 2 meters in length and a diameter of 6 inches are used, where the methods were applied as follows: the first column is the conventional method, the second column is the Fukuoka method and finally In the third column is the Fukuoka method with forced aeration, in each column temperature measurements of the waste and physicochemical characteristics of the leachate were carried out weekly. The results of the study revealed significant differences between the evaluated methods, mainly in terms of the odor and color of the leachate generated. The Fukuoka method produced a leachate with a neutral odor, while the conventional method produced a leachate with an unpleasant odor. Regarding the laboratory analyses, the parameters evaluated did not present major differences, but they did present enough to verify the behavior of each method evaluated. On the other hand, a notable difference was observed in the amount of leachate generated and in the level of oxygen present in the columns. Finally, it is notable that the Fukuoka method accelerates waste treatment and is a method that effectively improves the conditions of the leachate generated.