Determinación de redes de drenaje a partir de modelos digitales de terreno (MDT) como base para el manejo integrado del agua en los nodos de biodiversidad de Usme y Cerros Orientales

Abstract

Hydrology as a science and practice has found in digital terrain models (MDT) a digital representation of topography that allows modeling the interaction between the shape of the terrain and its water transport processes and sediments. This interaction, and its unequivocal relationship with the configuration of the drainage network, is based on the automatic estimation of the trajectory of the water on the surface of the terrain and the configuration of the resulting drainage network thanks to the tools provided by the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). (Piedra, 2013) Topography plays a very important role in the flow and distribution of water and energy over a territory, controlling many hydrological, geomorphological, biological and climatic processes at different spatial and temporal scales. These processes alter the shape of the terrain through feedbacks that determine the dynamics of the environment. (Ramirez, 2002). Therefore, the quantitative analysis of topographic information is necessary for the understanding of the variables that affect both the form and the interaction of the land with the environmental factors, as in this case, the processes involved with the response hydrograph of the land before its dynamics, are directly related to the topography through the configuration of the drainage network. (Ramírez, 2002) The urbanization process of the city of Bogotá has modified the natural channels reducing the capacity of drainage in the high zones favoring the floods in the low zones, a phenomenon enhanced by the little vegetal cover and the high impermeability. (Zambrano, 2012) Urban dynamics have sought to rapidly mobilize stormwater by increasing their speed and decreasing their infiltration into the ground, which has produced high volumes of surface water flows, which can not be effectively transported by drainage networks, (Zambrano, 2012) In order to control these actions, drainage capacity can be restored by increasing surface storage and infiltration (Zambrano, 2012) Increasing infiltration and increasing (Zambrano, 2012) However, one of the environmental determinants that has had the greatest pressure is the bodies of water, destined to collect water domestic and industrial waste and some refilled to give way to urbanization n reducing its area dramatically. (Bejarano, 2014). The city of Bogotá D.C., is one of the cities of Latin America with greater inequalities. This inequity manifests itself through the inadequate relations between the inhabitants of the city and its natural environment, having degraded to a great extent its biodiversity. (JBB-JCM), Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Biological Research (IAVH) & District Secretariat of Environment Bogotá (SDA), 2013) This situation is nothing more than the result of territorial planning that over time which took place without taking into account biodiversity and its environmental advantages, which has ignored a territorial ordering from the biodiversity and environmental dynamics. (JBB-JCM, IAVH, & SDA, 2013)