Identificación de criterios para aplicar sostenibilidad en la etapa de planeación de proyectos de infraestructura vial en Colombia, bajo la guía PMBOK sexta edición

Abstract

Road infrastructure is part of the great pillars that drive the economic development of society; because it allows the circulation, transportation and movement of communities, generating accessibility and greater competitiveness of nations. Over the years, road infrastructure has faced different challenges and challenges, which has allowed it to be in constant evolution and change in order to adapt to each of the needs of the surrounding environment and align with growth and development. international; In Colombia, in 1992, road Megaprojects began with what are called first-generation roads within the framework of national development plans. The study of highway projects internationally during the last decades has allowed us to analyze each of the economic, environmental and social criteria which make up the concept of sustainability. The large metropolises where the largest amount of production is concentrated have chosen to implement new methodologies so that their processes are developed more efficiently and in this way contribute to the reduction of environmental impact with the aim of conserving and caring for the environment. As indicated by Aponte Páez, (2007): Urban planning focused on the present and future of the city concept has generated a series of needs where it seeks to interrelate environmental, social and economic factors, which makes these projects have a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. Colombia, due to its geographical and topographic characteristics where we find three large mountain ranges, diversity of thermal floors, fauna and flora, has faced large highway projects that have allowed it to include planning models for its implementation. Currently, these types of projects are evolving to what we know as fifth generation roads (5G) where, through public-private concessions, important engineering works are sought to be launched, mitigating the environmental impact with the reduction of emissions. carbon dioxide to the environment, in addition to the sustainable financing of the project through green bonds that allow the environment to be compensated for the impact caused by the intervention and execution of the project. By nature, these types of projects are characterized by their breadth and complexity in the execution stage, therefore, they require correct planning at the beginning of the project life cycle; The PMBOK guide, sixth edition, is one of the tools that allows us to focus and direct projects in each of the process groups with the objective of clarifying and breaking down each area of knowledge involved. The ten areas of knowledge are immersed in project planning, from project integration management to project stakeholder management; In this way, the twenty-four processes must be specified, returning partial deliverables that approve and enable the process and in this way continue with the group of execution processes.