Impacto de las causas próximas y subyacentes en el cambio del bosque andino y altoandino del municipio de Chámeza (Casanare – Colombia)
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The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the impact of the proximate and underlying causes on the change of forest cover in the recent past (1980-2015) in the Andean and High Andean forests of the municipality of Chámeza (Casanare). For this purpose, an assessment of the state of coverage in the last 35 years was made through a multitemporal analysis of 11 Landsat scenes between 1980 and 2015. Based on secondary information, proximate causes (roads, rivers, soil, slope, mining cores and expansion of urban and rural settlements) and underlying factors (demographic dynamics and armed conflict) were identified to understand the dynamics of last years; However, because of the scarce information on the underlying causes, it was necessary to characterize socioeconomic factors through semi-structured interviews. Based on the information gathered, a simulation model of coverage trajectories was constructed for the next 10 years. The results show that the forest cover occupies the largest area of the municipality (61% - 19758.13 ha). According to the multitemporal analysis, deforestation in the last 35 years was 5914.36 ha. The main proximate causes that drive the changes are the relief and the soil class and to a lesser extent the road infrastructure and the proximity to rivers. Regarding socio-economic factors, it was possible to recognize a strong relationship between armed conflict (during and after) and the higher rates of forest loss and regeneration. These proximate and underlying causes are discussed in light of other areas, and it is proposed that in the post-conflict situation and current practices tree cover may increase in the following years.