Análisis fitoquímico de flores de la especie vegetal Fuchsia boliviana y evaluación de su capacidad antioxidante

Abstract

This paper presents the contribution to the chemical and biological study of the flowers of the species Fuchsia boliviana, establishing a great contribution to the family Onagraceae and especially the genus Fuchsia since no studies have been developed in the country. The collection of flowers of the species fuchsia Bolivian was carried out in the city of Bogotá in the coordinates (N 4 ° 36 ´ 40.41 ´ ´ W 74 ° 3 ´ 55.19 ´ ´). A witness sample was sent to the National herbarium of Colombia, which was classified under the collection number 591172 by biologist Carlos Alberto Parra. In order to carry out the extraction of the fixed secondary metabolites, the cold maceration method was used, of which 19.57 G of Etanolico extract was obtained in dry, then it was floculó in a proportion 2:1 EtOH/H2O. Continuous liquid fractionation was employed, from which three fractions of different polarity were obtained, heptane (HEP), Dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt). For the isolation of compounds and the obtaining of the mixtures, chromatography was employed in column. Through the preliminary phytochemicals analysis made to the flowers of the species Fuchsia Boliviana was able to establish the presence of metabolites, flavonoids, terpenes, cardiac glycosides and tannins. The separation chromatographyc allowed the isolation of compounds, such as: ethyl acid ester palmitic, eugenol methyl ether, oleanòlico acid, gallic acid and 1, 2, 3-bencenotriol; Together with it a mixture of compounds formed by 1-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol and palmitic acid. The structural elucidation of the compounds was carried out by means of the comparison of the mass spectra and the data reported by the NIST08 library. The determination of the antioxidant capacity was carried out using the methods of DPPH and ABTS, where it was established that the presence of phenolic compounds present in the species, are responsible for the antioxidant capacity presented in each assay. The DPPH method reported a IC50 of 37.04, 105.99 and 107.74 ppm for etanolico extract, dichloromethane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction respectively; By the method of ABTS the IC50 were the following: 466.79, 466.93 and 52.53 ppm, showing that DPPH is the best method to inhibit about 50% of the free radicals present, to a low concentration and thus achieve a better evaluation of the capacity Antioxidant extract and fractions.