Integración óptima de generadores fotovoltaicos y compensadores estáticos de potencia reactiva en sistemas de distribución para minimizar costos operativos anuales aplicando un algoritmo de distribución exponencial

Abstract

This research presents a metaheuristic methodology to address the problem of optimal integration of photovoltaic generators and static reactive power compensators in distribution systems. The objective is to minimize the annual operating costs associated with the investment, operation and maintenance of these systems, which indirectly contributes to improve voltage profiles and reduce energy losses. The methodology is structured under a leader-follower optimization approach, in which the exponential distribution algorithm acts as a leader, generating potential solutions, while the evaluation of the power flow through successive approximations plays the role of follower, verifying compliance with the electrical parameters of the proposed solutions. The proposed methodology was tested in two test systems of 33 and 69 nodes, simulating different scenarios that include the separate and simultaneous integration of PV and D-STATCOM devices. The results indicate that the joint integration of both technologies significantly reduces operating costs compared to their independent implementation, achieving reductions of about 35.54\% and 35.66\% in the final value of the objective function with respect to the reference case. Furthermore, by comparing this research with the baseline study, it was verified that the proposed methodology is efficient in minimizing investment and operating costs, improving system efficiency and ensuring a more reliable supply. All computational tests were performed in the MATLAB programming environment (version 2024a) using our own scripts.