Estado del conocimiento biológico de la subfamilia Stenodermatinae (Gervais, 1856) : revisión citogenética en un contexto evolutivo

Abstract

The Stenodermatinae subfamily, endemic to the Neotropics, has great biogeographic, morphological, and ecological diversity, among others. From the cytogenetic point of view, most of the genera of Stenodermatinae (Phyllostomidae), in comparison with some clades of mammals, present karyotypes with a marked variability, which is evident at the intergeneric level. Evolutionary cytogenetics studies the chromosomal architecture of current species through a comparison of their karyotypes. These data, interpreted on a phylogenetic hypothesis, can allow inferences to be made about the changes that have occurred throughout the evolutionary history of species. This work presents a study focused from various perspectives (i.e., cytogenetics, phylogenetics and biogeography), with the aim of interpreting and analyzing chromosomal evolution in Stenodermatinae in the context of existing biological information, at different taxonomic levels. The matrix made with karyotypic information from 66 Stenodermatinae species included data on 2n and SCDS, which was used to perform an ancestral reconstruction of these characters. The karyotypic information was linked with the information on the distribution of the species, in order to observe how the cytogenetic variability is distributed in the group. We suggest a marked chromosomal variability for the Stenodermatinae subfamily and propose an ancestral karyotype of 2n = 30-30, NF = 56 SCDS = XY. Finally, we expose the need to continue producing knowledge about the cytogenetics of groups in order to analyze them in an interdisciplinary way.