Estructura Poblacional De Las Especies Cedrela Montana Y Cedrela Odorata Presentes En La Jurisdicción De Corpoguavio
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Cedrela montana and Cedrela odorata are two of the species with the highest demand in the market due to the commercial value of their wood, which has strongly affected the structure of natural populations, leading to Cedrela odorata being classified as a species in danger (CITES: Appendix III) and Cedrela montana as a Near Threatened species (Cárdenas & Salinas, 2007). In Colombia, although there is evidence of a low supply of harvestable trees from the natural populations of Cedar, there are few initiatives for their protection and conservation (Cárdenas et al., 2015). The Regional Autonomous Corporations, which should strive for the protection and conservation of natural and environmental heritage within their jurisdiction, may establish harvesting bans for species of flora and fauna. In this sense, the Corporación Autónoma Regional del Tolima (CORTOLIMA) and the Corporación Autónoma Regional Para La Defensa De La Meseta De Bucaramanga (CDMB) banned Cedrela montana. In addition, the Corporación Autónoma Regional del Guavio (CORPOGUAVIO), which has a considerable potential area for the distribution of Cedar, requires knowing the status of the populations of Cedro within its Jurisdiction and thus be able to take the most relevant management and conservation measures . For this reason, the objective of this study was to determine the population structure of Cedrela montana and Cedrela odorata in the CORPOGUAVIO’s Jurisdiction. To identify potential sites for distribution of the species, a literature review was conducted and rural environmental promoters were trained, who reported on the individuals seen during their daily trips. Sampling was carried out in the municipalities of Fómeque, Gama, Gachetá, Gachalá, Guasca, Ubalá (Zone A and B) and Medina, however, no natural populations of Cedar were identified, only isolated individuals were found in pastures and crops (802 individuals). For each individual was recorded: coordinates, total height and estimated shoot height, DBH (Diameter at Breast Height), stage of development, and phases of foliar and reproductive development. With the aforementioned data, for each municipality and species, a categorization of diametric distribution was made, abundance and density per hectare was established, the basal area and available volume were quantified, the relationship between diameter and height was determined, and the reproductive state. The population structure was determined from secondary information recorded in previous inventories carried out by the Corporation, where natural populations of Cedar were identified in the municipality of Gachalá and the same procedure was performed in data processing as for isolated individuals. Additionally, in order to know the perception of the community regarding the Cedar, a survey was applied with questions related to the use, management and conservation of the species. When evaluating the isolated individuals in pastures and crops, Cedrela montana was registered in the municipalities of Fómeque and Gachalá with diametric distributions in the form of a bell with asymmetry to the left, in Gachetá this distribution did not present a trend, in contrast with Gama and Junín, where an inverted J is evident. The average density was 1.45 ind / ha, the abundance was 315 individuals, the basal area was 30.43 m2 and the volume was 125.35 m3. Only 5% of the individuals were in the fruiting stage, 10% without leaves and 84% with them. It was found that the relationship between height and DAP evidences the competition for light. Cedrela odorata is present in Gachalá, Gachetá, Medina, Ubalá (Zone A and B). In the first two municipalities named, it presents an irregular trend distribution, unlike the last two, where I present a bell, a tendency characteristic of a durable heliophyte species. We found 544 isolated individuals, with a density of 0.25 ind / ha, a basal area of 63.54 m2 and a volume of 203.25 m3. About 78% of these individuals were found in adult leaves. Finally, it was determined that the relationship between height and diameters is statistically significant. It should be noted that no natural regeneration of Cedar was recorded in any of the municipalities and no individuals were found for any of the two species in the municipality of Guasca. These results indicate a strong historical intervention in those cases in which the distributions do not show a definite trend, unlike the bell trend, which occurs in species of high commercial value with problems of regeneration. The population structure of Cedrela montana (60 individuals) in the municipality of Gachalá presented a bell-shaped distribution with reproductive vulnerability, unlike Cedrela odorata (18 individuals), which does not have a definite trend in its distribution, however, it has several individuals close to reaching his reproductive age. These results show that the population of Cedrela montana in Gachalá is more affected than Cedrela odorata in this aspect. The population density showed values of 2.46 ind / ha for Cedrela montana, which are low compared to the few studies that have been carried out; for Cedrela odorata this value was 0.22 ind / ha which is close to the national average registered by Cardenas et al. (2015). It is calculated that Cedrela montana possesses a 0.61 m2 of basal area and of 5.52 m3 of volume and Cedrela odorata presents values of 1 m2 and 14.73 m3, which indicates a greater availability of basal area and volume in Cedrela odorata . The surveys allowed to know that the most implemented uses in the area of jurisdiction of the Corporation correspond to construction, carpentry and joinery, as well as to ecosystem services. However, it is evident that wood is the main use of the two species. Likewise, it was possible to demonstrate that there is a great willingness on the part of the peasant communities to participate in a management plan that tends to implement projects of propagation of the species, creation of community nurseries and enrichment of the two species of Cedar, both in natural forest as in private plots, demonstrating the concern for the historical overexploitation of the Cedars in the area. Among the recommendations made, the formulation of a management plan at the local level for each species and the implementation of monitoring programs in natural forest are highlighted. We hope that this study, which focuses on the knowledge of the structure of the populations, together with studies of the population dynamics, will help the Corporation to take the most convenient measures for the management and conservation of the Cedar species in its jurisdiction.