Diseño, construcción y evaluación de un modelo funcional de un sistema de alistamiento para el proceso de fabricación de filamento para impresión 3d a partir de botellas PET recicladas.

Abstract

This paper develops the design, construction, and evaluation of a functional model of a system for preparing recycled material based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The project arose from the need to make more efficient use of post-consumer plastic, reducing its environmental impact and generating raw material for different industrial processes. The main objective was to propose a technical and economical alternative that would allow bottles to be transformed into usable pieces through a pre-conditioning system. This initiative revolves around three fundamental objectives: 1. Collect information on the system for obtaining filament for 3D printing from recycled PET bottles; 2. Design a system for preparing, cleaning, and cutting recycled PET bottles for the process of obtaining filament for 3D printing; 3. To build and evaluate the performance of a functional prototype of the preparation system for processing recycled PET bottles in the manufacture of 3D printing filament. The methodology adopted included a literature review on the handling of PET, its mechanical and thermal properties, as well as an analysis of existing technologies for its reprocessing. Based on this, the technical requirements of the model were established, defining the dimensions, materials, cutting, crushing, and heating mechanisms necessary to modify the bottles and obtain more uniform cylindrical geometries. The design was complemented by the selection of components and the preparation of plans using CAD software. During construction, low-cost materials and elements available on the local market were used, ensuring accessibility and ease of maintenance. The model incorporates a rotating system that simulates the operation of a lathe, combined with a controlled heat source that allows the bottles to be molded into the desired shape. Subsequently, experimental tests were carried out to evaluate parameters such as processing times, and the quality of the resulting material. The results show that the model is capable of transforming PET bottles into homogeneous cylindrical pieces, suitable for continuing the filament production process for 3D printing. An adequate balance was achieved between simplicity of operation, and final product quality. Likewise, limitations related to the thermal stability of the material and the need for improvements in temperature control were identified. In conclusion, the project demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a PET preparation system in local and academic contexts, contributing to the strengthening of sustainable practices and the circular economy. In addition, it provides an experimental basis for future developments that integrate automation and industrial scaling of the process.