Gestión ambiental del sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados producto de la biodegradación de residuos sólidos urbanos en un relleno sanitario colombiano

Abstract

This research project shows a proposal of Environmental Management Systems for treatment of leachate biodegradation's product of the urban solid waste in Doña Juana's dump in Bogota city (Colombia), it based on a physico-chemical characterization of the evaluation of the treatment processes, during a period of twelve (12) years through models autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The review and analysis of differents techniques of treatment wich are mentioned in reports at national and international level, and the design of evaluation indicators. The principal result of this researching indicates that Colombian legislation about sanitary landfill has a less restrictive limitis of the strictest law that other international regulatory legislation. Historically the leachate treatment does not meet the standard about the use of the mercury because this element has the following control: for Mercury (maximum of 0.03 mg / l), Arsenic (0.07 mg / l), Lead (0.42 mg / l), Chromium (1, 5 mg / l), Nickel (0.7 mg / l), and BOD (3704 mg / l). Furthermore, the waste plant of leachate is more efficient from June to August because there is more precipitation with 35% percentage of demise respect to all the parameters of this researching. The least efficiency months are October and November with a 29% percent according to the evaluation. According to the Multicriterial Evaluation carried out in the present investigation, the treatment approach for membranes was qualified for the experts consulted as the most efficient for the purification, followed by the natural systems, biological systems and physicochemical systems. The ARIMA temporal structures that had the best relation with the other parameters are COD (R2 = 0.690, BIC = 12.867, Ljung-Box = 17.975), BOD (R2 = 0.303, BIC = 10.419, Ljung-Box = 19.058), and Fe (R2 = 0.326, BIC = 3.425, Ljung-Box = 22.963), so they were determined as indicators from the modeling point of view. Finally, the indicators formulated for the technical, economic, social, institutional and environmental dimensions allowed the evaluation of the treatment system from an interdisciplinary perspective.