Elaboración del manual para la gestión del riesgo químico en el proceso de curtido de pieles, basado en el sistema globalmente armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos, en la empresa "Industria de curtidos la Sabana" S.A.S.

Abstract

The use of chemical products in the manufacturing industry and especially in the leather tanning process, involves a series of hazards for the environment itself, for the people who handle them and for the environment due to the impact on some of their resources natural, be it water, soil or air. The foregoing is basically due to the importance that is given in the first measure to obtaining the product and with less relevance to the aforementioned aspects. For this reason, this research compiles the chemical products used in the leather tanning process in the company Industria de Curtidos la Sabana S.A.S. and through the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), identifies the physical hazards, hazards to health and the environment, hazard class and danger category of each product, in order to unify the prioritization criteria. This evaluation indicated that most of the products used represent health-related hazards such as severe eye injuries with 77.4%, skin corrosion with 45.2%, organ damage (Mainly the respiratory system) with 45.2% for products with exposure single and 25.8% for products with repeated exposures and 16.1% of products can cause cancer. It is important to mention that 19.4% of the products represent physical hazards such as flammable liquids and the sodium sulfide classified within substances and mixtures that undergo spontaneous heating. For the environment, 35.5% of the products used represent long-term danger to the aquatic environment and 32.3 in the short term. Based on this information, the manual for the management of chemical risk is constructed with the substances that, due to their hazard category 1, 2 and 3, represent the greatest risk, where for each stage: storage, use and handling, elimination and intervention measures are establish strategies for their treatment.