Metodología para el desarrollo de proyectos de ampliación y modernización de subestaciones eléctricas

Abstract

This degree work addresses the need to establish an effective methodology for the management and execution of long-term engineering projects in the Colombian electrical sector and worldwide. The IEC61850 standard establishes a standard for the automation of electrical substations worldwide, which arose from the need to establish parameters for the integration of equipment from various manufacturers, encouraging companies to modernize to meet the parameters of reliability and safety in the provision of service. In this context, the company “Axon Group” ventured into this market with the objective of expanding its market focus by developing basic and detailed engineering issues. However, the rapid growth of the company has generated problems of control and follow-up of the projects in the long term, affecting the fulfillment of the schedule and the objectives of these. Currently, several companies are adopting the Project Management Institute (PMI) guide as a methodology for project management and execution. The PMI is a reference that presents guidelines for project management and direction, compiling procedures that have proven to be effective. However, a crucial question arises. Authors such as Rose K. H. (2013) argue that the PMI does not constitute a methodology per se, but rather a guide of international standards intended for use by professionals in project management. This implies that it can be adapted according to the type and scope of the project, taking into consideration the experience and competence of the Project Management Professional (PMP) in charge. Therefore, it cannot be considered as a standardized procedure that can be followed to simplify the management process of projects related to the expansion and modernization of electrical substations. In view of this problem, it is necessary to establish a new methodology focused on this type of project that allows them to be more effective in their management. The implementation of a new methodology in a company can be complex and require adequate planning to ensure its success. For this reason, the methodology used consisted of the identification of risk factors using the expert judgment tool, followed by the selection of indicators to control and monitor these risks in the design and assembly stages. In addition, useful tools for project management were evaluated, highlighting Trello and the Tracking Dashboard. The research highlighted the implementation of these tools through a pilot project demonstrating significant improvements in organization, supervision and reduction of execution times. However, areas for improvement, risk factors not contemplated and shortcomings in staff training were identified. The results obtained highlighted the importance of the team's experience and training in this type of project, as well as the need to implement project management tools that allow accurate monitoring of delivery times; these results support the inclusion of agile methodologies in projects with defined scopes, which contributes optimizing processes and mitigate associated risks. Finally, it is concluded that there are risk factors that can be mitigated by including aspects of agile methodologies and specific indicators such as execution time, number of revisions, and assembly time as the most notable within projects with already defined scopes, especially stages such as design and assembly.