Cambio climático: una mirada desde las políticas y la gestión ambiental en Colombia

Abstract

Actually, there is a growing interest in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including methane (CH4), due to the evident climate change promoted by the development of anthropogenic activities. In various international treaties (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - UNFCCC 1992 Kyoto in 1997), the participating nations have pledged to significantly reduce GHG emissions compared with 1990 inventory. Colombia accounts 0.35% of total GHG globally (IPCC, 2006) and has signed international agreements pledging to develop strategies to decrease their emissions to 40% over the inventory of 1990. The production of CH4 enteric represents 30,28% of greenhouse gas emissions in Colombia, decreasing the energy efficiency of the animal, it represents between 2 and 12% of gross energy of the diet, and a significant impact on the environment. In this way livestock production systems in Colombia, incurred in grazing systems must develop methodologies according to tackle this global trend and according to the reviews, there are different tools from to animal feed, which would reduce methane production per unit of dry matter in grazing animals. This research was aimed, from the current scientific evidence, evaluate, describe, understand and explain overall management and public policy regarding GHG emissions in Colombia, related to climate change for the period between 1992 and 2014 establishing the strategies that have been implemented during this period of time from the management and / or public policy on GHG emissions by model: public policy = actors (political and administrative authorities) + resources (produced and activated in the development of the policy) + Institutions (institutional Regulations) (Knoepfel et al., (2007). The development of this research allowed the recognition of the progress in the management and / or public policy concerning to GHG emissions, it principles, the strategies that have been implemented and scope thereof in accordance with the proposed objectives. In addition, advances in research are established in the area of ruminant nutrition, factors related to the animal are identified, forages, handling them and their relationship with emissions and methane, as well as existing strategies from power to reduce emissions.