Monografía sobre la biodegradación de Tereftalato de Polietileno (PET)
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Due to its remarkable physical-chemical characteristics to friction, mechanical stress and natural degradation, PET has allowed multiple needs to be met, which is why its colossal use in the world is advancing by leaps and bounds, leaving a marked footprint, resulting in more and more contamination accelerated use and disuse. Under this concern, the purpose of this study was to carry out an extensive bibliographic search on the existing alternatives for the biodegradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), published in scientific journals of biotechnology and / or bioremediation, in the English language. From the studies compiled under the selection, analysis, treatment and extraction of information, it was possible to determine, within the time frame of the last ten years, 17 studies published in various scientific journals, of which direct participation of microorganisms was found. of 3 edges and 20 identified species, where the greatest degradation capacity of the PET material was found in species such as: Ideonella sakaiensis and Thermobifida fusca that completely disintegrated the substrate. Recognizing that the catalytic activity was related in most cases with enzymatic compounds of class 3 "hydrolases", which managed to break the ester bonds of the chemical structure of PET, leaving the release of products such as: BHET, MHET, TPA, HEB and BA without any knowledge of its metabolization. Therefore, it was concluded that there is updated scientific information from magazines focused on biotechnology and bioremediation issues, from which four mechanisms of action for enzyme improvement were identified and it was determined that the esterase Is_PETasa of I. sakaiensis and the cutinase Tf_Cut2_G62A / F209A of T. fusca effectively completely degraded the material (PET).