Influencia de la urbanización sobre la diversidad de aves de tres zonas en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia.

Abstract

It is well known that it is far from knowing exactly the diversity of birds in the country, because the determination of many species and subspecies requires visual, vocal and genotypic records and, although the estimates give Colombia as the country with the greatest variety of birds on the planet reaching a fifth of the known totality, it is also true to say that a worrisome situation arises when considering that little more than 6% of the species present there is cataloged by the IUCN as in danger of extinction. The present work shows how urbanization processes affect the diversity of birdlife in Bogotá. By determining the Squeo index of Cerro La Conejera, El Virrey Park, and Eje Ambiental, and with the respective bird sightings in those areas, a relationship between the aforementioned factors is established, based on the fact that urbanization is not only the process of population concentration, but also includes all anthropic activities that are carried there. In the investigation it was found that the Eje Ambiental and the Virrey Park are practically the same urbanized, but the diversity of birds in the first place is much lower compared to the second, finding 8 species in the Eje Ambiental and 28 in the Park El Virrey. In turn, Cerro La Conejera was the least urbanized and most diverse study area, with 37 bird species. For each site investigated calculated: species accumulation curve taking into account the CHAO1 and ACE estimators, the normality tests of Shapiro-Wilk and Lilliefors, , the Kruskal-Wallis test as a non-parametric variance analysis alternative, diversity index of Shannon, Inv. Simpson and Alpha Fisher and Evonness Pielou’s test, besides generating a map of coverage (tree, shrub, grass, urban) with their respective area values. It was concluded that the Squeo index alone is not a factor to evaluate the avifauna of the area because there are factors that can counteract its effect. However, the urbanization has a negative effect on the diversity of birds, making populations of omnivorous and generalist species more abundant in each place.