Experiencias en el marco colombiano en el uso de productos del aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos en el cierre de proyectos mineros, de rellenos sanitarios y de escombreras.

Abstract

At present, soil degradation is a global environmental concern, caused by both natural factors and human activities, thus affecting the fertility of the soil to fulfill its vital functions within the ecosystem. In view of this problem, an innovative strategy is proposed for soil restoration using organic residues during the reclamation phase of mining areas, landfills and dumps. This study, carried out in the Colombian context, seeks to establish reference points for future regulations and to compare the practices used in the restoration of these deteriorated soils. The search for information was carried out by reviewing experiences in each of these contexts at the national level. Trends and best practices in the use of organic amendments for soil rehabilitation were identified and compared. The results obtained showed that the correlation between organic amendments, such as compost, biochar, vermicompost and biosolids, are effective products for soil restoration. These products improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, favoring the growth of biodiversity and vegetation in the environment. In addition, an optimal ratio of biosolids to sterile soil of 2:1 is suggested, especially in the process of closing mining projects. The experiences analyzed indicated that the application of organic amendments contributes to improving soil structure, moisture retention and nutrient availability. This approach not only promotes the sustainable management of organic residues, but also the restoration of soil degraded by human activities.