Optimización de procesos de fabricación en PYMES de la industria de alimentos y bebidas mediante la implementación de inteligencia artificial: beneficios y retos

Abstract

This paper aimed to analyze how artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied in the production processes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food and beverage sector in Colombia during 2023 - 2025, with a focus on a sample composed of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim was to understand what benefits have been achieved, what obstacles have been encountered, and what conditions have helped or hindered the implementation of this technology. To this end, a mixed methodology was used, in which surveys were conducted among entrepreneurs in the sector and documents on previous experiences were reviewed.The results showed that many microenterprises still operate manually or with very basic tools, while medium-sized companies have begun to use more digital technology. Areas were identified where AI can generate significant improvements, such as inventory management, production planning, and customer data analysis. However, it was also noted that there is little knowledge about other important applications, such as preventive maintenance and quality control. The main obstacles were a lack of technical knowledge, a lack of financial resources, and a certain resistance to change. Despite this, opportunities were also seen, such as an interest in innovation and the existence of some support programs.